![]() Lakoff and Johnson discuss metonymic metaphors such as “the part of the whole” and “the place for the institution,” and note that these metaphors structure our language and thought, as they become fundamental to our experience, given that we make associations naturally (38-40). They give examples of container and substance metaphors, such as “visual field” and activities as containers (30-31). They give examples of ontological metaphors as “inflation is an entity” and “the mind is a machine” (25-28). They note that metaphors have “cultural coherence” and represent the values of the group experiencing them (22). Lakoff and Johnson discuss the orientational metaphor of time, where “foreseeable future events are up (and ahead)” (16). Lakoff and Johnson show that our conceptual systems are metaphorical that our metaphors are systematic and that all metaphors veil other truths by speaking in terms of prior experience (3 7 10). ![]() Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. ![]()
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